Porisma

Worked solution

Use different regions for area and revolution

The graph shows y=1/(1+x2)y=1/(1+x^2) and y=tan⁡xy=\tan x, where the source prints −π/2≤x≤π/2-\pi/2\le x\le\pi/2.

(i) Find the area bounded by the two curves and x=1x=1.

(ii) Find the volume generated when the region bounded by the two curves and the y-axis is rotated by 2π2\pi radians about the y-axis.

CJC · Lecture · Example 19

Locate the intersection

The source graphing-calculator intersection is (0.62389,0.71981)(0.62389,0.71981). Denote its coordinates by (a,b)(a,b). Keep full calculator precision until the final answer; the source displays rounded limits. Although the printed domain includes both endpoints, tan⁡x\tan x is undefined at ±π/2\pm\pi/2: these are vertical asymptotes and the actual tangent domain here is −π/2<x<π/2-\pi/2<x<\pi/2.

How did this part go?

(i) Area to the right of the intersection

For a≤x≤1a\le x\le1, tan⁡x\tan x is above 1/(1+x2)1/(1+x^2). The Teacher fills A=∫0.623891[tan⁡x−1/(1+x2)] dx=0.179A=\int_{0.62389}^1[\tan x-1/(1+x^2)]\,dx=0.179 square units to three significant figures. Independently, an antiderivative is −ln⁡(cos⁡x)−tan⁡−1x-\ln(\cos x)-\tan^{-1}x on this interval.

How did this part go?

(ii) Split the y-axis volume at the intersection height

This region lies to the left of the intersection, between the two curves and the y-axis. Rewrite the curves as x=tan⁡−1yx=\tan^{-1}y and x2=1/y−1x^2=1/y-1. For 0≤y≤b0\le y\le b, the disc radius is tan⁡−1y\tan^{-1}y; for b≤y≤1b\le y\le1, it is 1/y−1\sqrt{1/y-1}. The Teacher fills V=π∫00.71981(tan⁡−1y)2 dy+π∫0.719811(1/y−1) dy=0.480V=\pi\int_0^{0.71981}(\tan^{-1}y)^2\,dy+\pi\int_{0.71981}^1(1/y-1)\,dy=0.480 cubic units to three significant figures. These are adjacent stacks of discs with inner radius zero, so add their volumes.

How did this part go?

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Tangent and reciprocal-quadratic curves intersect near (0.62389,0.71981). Region (i) lies between the intersection and x=1; region (ii) lies between the curves and the y-axis. The disc radius for (ii) changes from inverse tangent of y to square root of (1/y minus 1) at the intersection height.
Tangent and reciprocal-quadratic curves intersect near (0.62389,0.71981). Region (i) lies between the intersection and x=1; region (ii) lies between the curves and the y-axis. The disc radius for (ii) changes from inverse tangent of y to square root of (1/y minus 1) at the intersection height.
Tangent and reciprocal-quadratic curves intersect near (0.62389,0.71981). Region (i) lies between the intersection and x=1; region (ii) lies between the curves and the y-axis. The disc radius for (ii) changes from inverse tangent of y to square root of (1/y minus 1) at the intersection height.

Common mistakes

Part (i) and part (ii) use different bounded regions. Do not rotate the x=1 region for part (ii), or subtract the two y integrals as though they were inner and outer washers.

Read the hint