Porisma

Worked solution

Reduce a trigonometric equation and apply the initial condition

Show dy/dx=sin⁡2(2x+y)−3dy/dx=\sin^2(2x+y)-3 reduces under u=2x+yu=2x+y to du/dx=−cos⁡2udu/dx=-\cos^2u. Hence find the solution through the origin as y=f(x)y=f(x).

[AJC/2008/Promo/Q3]

CJC · Lecture · Example 7

Differentiate and substitute

du/dx=2+dy/dxdu/dx=2+dy/dx, so dy/dx=du/dx−2dy/dx=du/dx-2. Therefore du/dx−2=sin⁡2u−3du/dx-2=\sin^2u-3, hence du/dx=sin⁡2u−1=−cos⁡2udu/dx=\sin^2u-1=-\cos^2u.

How did this part go?

Integrate on the branch through u=0

Where cos⁡u≠0\cos u\ne0, ∫sec⁡2u du=∫−1 dx\int\sec^2u\,du=\int-1\,dx, giving tan⁡u=−x+C\tan u=-x+C. The initial point x=y=0x=y=0 gives u=0 and C=0. The continuous branch through zero is u=arctan⁡(−x)u=\arctan(-x), so y=arctan⁡(−x)−2xy=\arctan(-x)-2x. The excluded constant u-values π/2+nπ\pi/2+n\pi solve the transformed equation but do not pass through the origin.

How did this part go?

Common mistakes

The initial condition selects an inverse-tangent branch; do not silently discard periodic branches in an unrestricted general problem.

Read the hint