Porisma

Worked solution

Form a net population rate with separate growth constants

(a) The rate of increase of an insect population is proportional to the number n present at time t. Write the differential equation for n.

(b) A bird population has births per unit time proportional to population x and deaths per unit time proportional to its square. Form the equation for x.

CJC · Lecture · Example 8

(a) Translate a positive growth rate

dn/dt=kndn/dt=kn with k>0k>0. The derivative represents the rate of change, and “increase” determines its positive sign for a positive population.

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(b) Subtract losses from gains

Write births per unit time as axax and deaths per unit time as bx2bx^2, where a,b>0a,b>0 are separate constants. Then dx/dt=ax−bx2dx/dt=ax-bx^2. The teacher explicitly requires the general balance “rate of change = rate of increase − rate of decrease” and warns against using the same letter for unrelated proportionality constants.

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Common mistakes

Different proportional relationships need not have equal constants.

Read the hint