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Worked solution

Collect the derivative terms in implicit relations

Find dy/dxdy/dx in terms of xx and yy when (a) x2+y3=xy2x^2+y^3=xy^2, and (b) cos⁡x=1+ycos⁡y\cos x=1+y\cos y.

CJC · Lecture · Example 11

(a) Apply chain and product rules

On a differentiable local branch y=y(x)y=y(x), differentiating gives 2x+3y2y′=2xyy′+y22x+3y^2y^{\prime}=2xyy^{\prime}+y^2. The right side needs both product terms, including the derivative of xx.

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(a) Collect before dividing

(3y2−2xy)y′=y2−2x(3y^2-2xy)y^{\prime}=y^2-2x, so y′=(y2−2x)/(3y2−2xy)y^{\prime}=(y^2-2x)/(3y^2-2xy) where 3y2−2xy≠03y^2-2xy\ne0. This is the source answer. At a zero denominator, this division does not classify the point or prove a finite derivative exists.

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(b) Follow the Teacher completion

The Student copy leaves this working blank; the Teacher supplies −sin⁡x=y(−sin⁡y)y′+cos⁡y y′-\sin x=y(-\sin y)y^{\prime}+\cos y\,y^{\prime}. Both factors in ycos⁡yy\cos y depend on xx.

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(b) Solve for the local derivative

Rearrange to (ysin⁡y−cos⁡y)y′=sin⁡x(y\sin y-\cos y)y^{\prime}=\sin x. Hence y′=sin⁡x/(ysin⁡y−cos⁡y)y^{\prime}=\sin x/(y\sin y-\cos y) where the denominator is nonzero, as printed in the Teacher copy. Angles are in radians.

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Common mistakes

Every differentiated function of y needs a dy/dx factor. Keep a product-rule term for each factor.

Solution notes

Printed asks and complete working compared with both source copies. No printed marks or past-paper attribution. Domain explanations independently authored where the source leaves them implicit.

Read the hint