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Worked solution

Sum two tetrahedral dice

Two fair tetrahedral dice, each with faces 1, 2, 3 and 4, are thrown. The score is the sum of their two numbers. Let XX denote the score. Find the probability distribution of XX.

CJC · Lecture · Example 1

List every ordered score pair

Let S1S_1 and S2S_2 be the scores on the first and second die. Under the source model of independent fair dice, all sixteen ordered pairs have probability 1/161/16. The source sum table has S1S_1 as rows and S2S_2 as columns:

S1\S2S_1 \backslash S_21234
12345
23456
34567
45678
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Group equal sums and check the total

The sums 2,3,4,5,6,7,82,3,4,5,6,7,8 occur in 1,2,3,4,3,2,11,2,3,4,3,2,1 cells respectively.

xx2345678
P(X=x)P(X=x)1/161/162/162/163/163/164/164/163/163/162/162/161/161/16

Check the probabilities, as emphasized in the Teacher note: (1+2+3+4+3+2+1)/16=16/16=1(1+2+3+4+3+2+1)/16=16/16=1. Every probability lies between zero and one.

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Common mistakes

The seven sums are not equally likely. Count the sixteen equally likely ordered die outcomes first; fairness of each die alone does not establish independence.

Read the hint