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Worked solution

Reflect an exponential graph to define the logarithm

Let ff be a function defined by f:x↦exf:x\mapsto e^x, x∈Rx\in\mathbb R. (i) Define f−1f^{-1} in a similar form. (ii) On a single diagram, sketch y=f(x)y=f(x), y=f−1(x)y=f^{-1}(x) and y=xy=x.

CJC · Functions · Example 8

(i) Reverse exponentiation

Answer

f−1:x↦ln⁡xf^{-1}:x\mapsto\ln x, x∈Rx\in\mathbb R, x>0x>0.

The Teacher writes y=f(x)⇒f−1(y)=xy=f(x)\Rightarrow f^{-1}(y)=x, y=exy=e^x, x=ln⁡yx=\ln y, so f−1(y)=ln⁡yf^{-1}(y)=\ln y. Since Rf=(0,∞)R_f=(0,\infty), Df−1=(0,∞)D_{f^{-1}}=(0,\infty). Rename the input and give the rule together with that domain. Independently the inverse range is all real numbers.

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(ii) Sketch the reflected pair

Answer

The graphs y=exy=e^x and y=ln⁡xy=\ln x reflect in y=xy=x, with intercepts (0,1)(0,1) and (1,0)(1,0) and asymptotes y=0y=0 and x=0x=0.

The Teacher completes all three curves, labels the two intercepts, the horizontal asymptote y=0y=0 of the exponential and the vertical asymptote x=0x=0 of the logarithm. Use equal unit scales on both axes so reflection in y=xy=x is geometrically correct. The later source illustration also shows (1,e)(1,e) and its reflected point (e,1)(e,1); these are included in the same reconstruction with dashed coordinate guides. In general (a,b)(a,b) becomes (b,a)(b,a), horizontal asymptotes become vertical, and vertical become horizontal. Draw y=xy=x to show the relationship even when a sketch question does not request that reference line explicitly.

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Equal-scale exponential/logarithm pair with line y=x, intercepts (0,1),(1,0), reflected points(1,e),(e,1), and asymptotes y=0,x=0.
Equal-scale exponential/logarithm pair with line y=x, intercepts (0,1),(1,0), reflected points(1,e),(e,1), and asymptotes y=0,x=0.
Equal-scale exponential/logarithm pair with line y=x, intercepts (0,1),(1,0), reflected points(1,e),(e,1), and asymptotes y=0,x=0.
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