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Worked solution

Practise logarithmic standard forms

Integrate with respect to xx: (a) 3x2+1x3x^2+\frac1x; (b) 12−3x\frac1{2-3x}; (c) x1+x2\frac{x}{1+x^2}.

CJC · Lecture · Self-Practice 2

(a)

∫(3x2+1x) dx=x3+ln⁡∣x∣+C\int(3x^2+\frac1x)\,dx=x^3+\ln|x|+C, for x≠0x\ne0.

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(b)

∫12−3x dx=−13∫−32−3x dx=−13ln⁡∣2−3x∣+C\int\frac1{2-3x}\,dx=-\frac13\int\frac{-3}{2-3x}\,dx=-\frac13\ln|2-3x|+C, for x≠2/3x\ne2/3.

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(c)

∫x1+x2 dx=12∫2x1+x2 dx=12ln⁡∣1+x2∣+C\int\frac{x}{1+x^2}\,dx=\frac12\int\frac{2x}{1+x^2}\,dx=\frac12\ln|1+x^2|+C. This is the printed modulus form; since 1+x2>01+x^2>0, it also equals 12ln⁡(1+x2)+C\frac12\ln(1+x^2)+C for every real xx.

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Common mistakes

In (b), the inner derivative is negative; in (c), it is 2x rather than x.

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