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Worked solution

Practise integration by parts

Integrate with respect to xx: (a) xln⁡xx\ln x; (b) xcos⁡xx\cos x; (c) xe−xxe^{-x}.

CJC · Lecture · Self-Practice 10

(a)

Take u=ln⁡xu=\ln x, dv/dx=xdv/dx=x, giving du/dx=1/xdu/dx=1/x, v=x2/2v=x^2/2. The integral is (x2/2)ln⁡x−12∫x dx=x22ln⁡x−x24+C(x^2/2)\ln x-\frac12\int x\,dx=\frac{x^2}2\ln x-\frac{x^2}4+C, for x>0x>0.

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(b)

Take u=xu=x, dv/dx=cos⁡xdv/dx=\cos x, so du/dx=1du/dx=1, v=sin⁡xv=\sin x. The integral is xsin⁡x−∫sin⁡x dx=xsin⁡x+cos⁡x+Cx\sin x-\int\sin x\,dx=x\sin x+\cos x+C.

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(c)

Take u=xu=x, dv/dx=e−xdv/dx=e^{-x}, so du/dx=1du/dx=1, v=−e−xv=-e^{-x}. The result is −xe−x−∫(−e−x) dx=−xe−x−e−x+C-xe^{-x}-\int(-e^{-x})\,dx=-xe^{-x}-e^{-x}+C.

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Common mistakes

The negative exponent in (c) affects v as well as the final remaining integral.

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