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Worked solution

Select the nonnegative branch of an integrated equation

Show that the general solution of y(dy/dx)=2x−1y(dy/dx)=2x-1, y≥0y\ge0, is y2=2x2−2x+Cy^2=2x^2-2x+C, where CC is arbitrary. Sketch the curve passing through (0,1)(0,1).

CJC · Review problems · Question 2

Answer

y2=2x2−2x+Cy^2=2x^2-2x+C; through (0,1)(0,1), y=2x2−2x+1y=\sqrt{2x^2-2x+1} with minimum (1/2,1/2)(1/2,1/\sqrt2).

Integrate in the dependent variable

∫y dy=∫(2x−1)dx\int y\,dy=\int(2x-1)dx gives y2/2=x2−x+Ay^2/2=x^2-x+A. Thus y2=2x2−2x+Cy^2=2x^2-2x+C, with C=2AC=2A. The nonnegative branch is chosen on intervals where it is real and differentiable; an implicit algebraic identity alone does not justify a nondifferentiable join at a zero.

How did this part go?

Use the point and identify the minimum

At (0,1)(0,1), C=1C=1. Since y≥0y\ge0, y=2x2−2x+1=2(x−1/2)2+1/2y=\sqrt{2x^2-2x+1}=\sqrt{2(x-1/2)^2+1/2}. It is positive for every real xx, symmetric about x=1/2x=1/2, passes through (0,1)(0,1) and (1,1)(1,1), and has minimum (1/2,1/2)(1/2,1/\sqrt2). The negative square-root branch is excluded. The radical is visible on the source page even though extraction drops it.

How did this part go?

Compare your sketch

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Positive curve sqrt(2x²−2x+1), symmetric about x=1/2, with minimum (1/2,1/sqrt(2)) and points (0,1),(1,1).
Positive curve sqrt(2x²−2x+1), symmetric about x=1/2, with minimum (1/2,1/sqrt(2)) and points (0,1),(1,1).
Positive curve sqrt(2x²−2x+1), symmetric about x=1/2, with minimum (1/2,1/sqrt(2)) and points (0,1),(1,1).

Common mistakes

Squaring the solution family does not mean both square-root branches satisfy the stated nonnegative restriction.

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