Porisma

Worked solution

Use a stated interval to choose the square-root sign

Differentiate the following with respect to xx.

(i) cos⁡−1(sin⁡x)\cos^{-1}(\sin x), where π2<x<3π2\dfrac\pi2<x<\dfrac{3\pi}2, marks

(ii) ln⁡ex+11−e−x\ln\sqrt{\dfrac{e^x+1}{1-e^{-x}}}. marks

[2012/Promo/ACJC/2]

CJC · Review Problems · Question 7

Answer

(i) 11; (ii) 12[ex/(ex+1)−1/(ex−1)]\frac12[e^x/(e^x+1)-1/(e^x-1)].

(i)

The chain rule gives −cos⁡x/1−sin⁡2x=−cos⁡x/cos⁡2x-\cos x/\sqrt{1-\sin^2x}=-\cos x/\sqrt{\cos^2x}. On the stated interval cos⁡x<0\cos x<0, so cos⁡2x=∣cos⁡x∣=−cos⁡x\sqrt{\cos^2x}=|\cos x|=-\cos x. The derivative is therefore 11.

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(ii)

On the real domain x>0x>0, rewrite as 12[ln⁡(ex+1)−ln⁡(1−e−x)]\frac12[\ln(e^x+1)-\ln(1-e^{-x})]. Differentiate to get 12[exex+1−e−x1−e−x]=12[exex+1−1ex−1]\frac12\left[\dfrac{e^x}{e^x+1}-\dfrac{e^{-x}}{1-e^{-x}}\right]=\frac12\left[\dfrac{e^x}{e^x+1}-\dfrac1{e^x-1}\right].

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Common mistakes

The square root of a square is an absolute value, whose sign must be resolved using the interval.

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