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Worked solution

Divide a rational function and integrate an inverse-tangent product

(a) Find ∫8x2+14x2−1 dx\displaystyle\int\dfrac{8x^2+1}{4x^2-1}\,dx. marks

(b) Find, using integration by parts, ∫e3xtan⁡−1(e−3x) dx\displaystyle\int e^{3x}\tan^{-1}(e^{-3x})\,dx. marks

[2013/SRJC/I/2]

CJC · Review Problems · Question 3

Answer

(a) 2x+34ln⁡∣(2x−1)/(2x+1)∣+C2x+\frac34\ln|(2x-1)/(2x+1)|+C; (b) 13e3xtan⁡−1(e−3x)+16ln⁡(e6x+1)+C\frac13e^{3x}\tan^{-1}(e^{-3x})+\frac16\ln(e^{6x}+1)+C.

(a)

Divide first: (8x2+1)/(4x2−1)=2+3/(4x2−1)(8x^2+1)/(4x^2-1)=2+3/(4x^2-1). Either use the standard difference-of-squares integral or the printed partial fractions 14x2−1=12(2x−1)−12(2x+1)\dfrac1{4x^2-1}=\dfrac1{2(2x-1)}-\dfrac1{2(2x+1)}. This gives 2x+34ln⁡∣2x−12x+1∣+C2x+\frac34\ln\left|\dfrac{2x-1}{2x+1}\right|+C, equivalently 2x+34ln⁡∣2x−1∣−34ln⁡∣2x+1∣+C2x+\frac34\ln|2x-1|-\frac34\ln|2x+1|+C.

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(b)

Choose u=tan⁡−1(e−3x)u=\tan^{-1}(e^{-3x}), dv=e3xdxdv=e^{3x}dx. Then du=−3e−3x/(1+e−6x) dxdu=-3e^{-3x}/(1+e^{-6x})\,dx and v=e3x/3v=e^{3x}/3. Integration by parts gives 13e3xtan⁡−1(e−3x)+∫11+e−6xdx\frac13e^{3x}\tan^{-1}(e^{-3x})+\int\dfrac1{1+e^{-6x}}dx. As the source callout explains, multiply numerator and denominator by e6xe^{6x} to get ∫e6x/(e6x+1)dx=16ln⁡(e6x+1)\int e^{6x}/(e^{6x}+1)dx=\frac16\ln(e^{6x}+1). Therefore the full antiderivative is 13e3xtan⁡−1(e−3x)+16ln⁡(e6x+1)+C\frac13e^{3x}\tan^{-1}(e^{-3x})+\frac16\ln(e^{6x}+1)+C.

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Common mistakes

Keep the original poles x=±1/2 excluded in the rational integral.

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