Porisma

Worked solution

Split a parent–child–parent block by its table

Mr and Mrs Tan have a son David and invite 6 guests for dinner. Before dinner, all 9 diners stand in a straight row for a group photo. Find the arrangements if

(i) all 9 diners may stand anywhere, mark

(ii) the Tan family members must be separated. marks

The diners then sit at two round tables, a five-seater and a smaller four-seater. Find the arrangements if

(iii) anyone may sit at either table, marks

(iv) David must sit between his parents at either table. marks

[2011/SAJC/II/6]

CJC · Review problems · Question 15

Answer

(i) 362880; (ii) 151200; (iii) 18144; (iv) 648.

(i) Unrestricted photo

9!=3628809!=362880.

How did this part go?

(ii) Three separate Tan family members

Arrange the six guests in 6!6! ways. Their seven linear gaps include both ends. Choose three gaps and order the three Tans: 6!(73) 3!=1512006!\binom73\,3!=151200.

How did this part go?

(iii) Choose the four-seater group

Choose four of nine diners for the smaller table: (94)=126\binom94=126. Arrange them circularly in (4−1)!=3!(4-1)!=3! ways. The remaining five form the other circle in (55)(5−1)!=4!\binom55(5-1)!=4! ways. Total 126×3!×4!=18144126\times3!\times4!=18144. No division by 2 is made because table capacities distinguish the tables.

How did this part go?

(iv) David at the four-seater

Treat parent–David–parent as one consecutive block with 2!2! parent orders. Choose its one guest companion in (61)\binom61 ways and arrange the resulting two objects circularly in (2−1)!(2-1)! ways. The smaller-table count is 12; the remaining five have 4!=244!=24 orders. Contribution 12×24=28812\times24=288.

How did this part go?

(iv) David at the five-seater

Choose two guest companions in (62)\binom62 ways. The family block and two companions are three circular objects, with (3−1)!(3-1)! orders and 2!2! internal parent orders. This gives 60. The remaining four have 3!=63!=6 orders. Contribution 60×6=36060\times6=360. Total 288+360=648288+360=648.

How did this part go?

Common mistakes

David sitting between his parents means the consecutive parent–David–parent block, with two parent orders.

Solution notes

All four asks and complete printed working, including both table cases and all circular-object factors, retained.

Read the hint