Porisma

Worked solution

Use an intersection to determine an unknown coordinate

The line L has equation r=(1,3,7)+t(2,−1,5)\mathbf r=(1,3,7)+t(2,-1,5), t∈Rt\in\mathbb R. A,B have position vectors (9,3,26)(9,3,26) and (13,9,α)(13,9,\alpha). L intersects the line through A,B at P. Find α and the acute angle between L and AB. marks

[2004/I/15(part of)]

CJC · Review problems · Question 1

Answer

α=34; acute angle 44.6°.

Form the second line

AB=(4,6,α−26)AB=(4,6,\alpha-26), so line AB is r=(9,3,26)+s(4,6,α−26)\mathbf r=(9,3,26)+s(4,6,\alpha-26), s∈Rs\in\mathbb R.

How did this part go?

Match all three coordinates at the intersection

1+2t=9+4s1+2t=9+4s, 3−t=3+6s3-t=3+6s and 7+5t=26+s(α−26)7+5t=26+s(\alpha-26). The first two give −4s+2t=8-4s+2t=8, 6s+t=06s+t=0, hence s=−1/2 and t=3. Substituting into the third yields 22=26−12(α−26)22=26-\frac12(\alpha-26), so α=34. The intersection is P=(7,0,22).

How did this part go?

Find the acute angle of the lines

The directions are (2,−1,5)(2,-1,5) and (4,6,8)(4,6,8), with squared magnitudes 30 and 116. Their dot product is 42. Thus

θ=cos⁡−1(∣42∣30116)=44.6∘.\begin{aligned}&\theta\\ & =\cos^{-1}\left(\frac{|42|}{\sqrt{30}\sqrt{116}}\right)\\ & =44.6^\circ.\end{aligned}

The absolute value explicitly selects the acute line angle; the printed positive numerator already gives this angle.

How did this part go?

Common mistakes

The line parameters s,t are independent. A three-dimensional intersection must satisfy the third coordinate too.

Solution notes

All printed working and 7 marks retained. No source diagram; intersection coordinates are an explanatory addition.

Read the hint