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Worked solution

Keep a quadratic strictly negative

Find the range of values of kk for which 4kx2+4(2k+1)x+4k+14kx^2+4(2k+1)x+4k+1 is always negative for all real values of xx.

CJC · Discussion · Question 5

Answer

k<−1/3k<-1/3.

Require a downward-opening quadratic

The leading coefficient must satisfy 4k<04k<0, so k<0k<0. The degenerate case k=0k=0 gives 4x+14x+1, which is not negative for every real xx.

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Exclude all real roots

The discriminant must be negative: [4(2k+1)]2−4(4k)(4k+1)=16(3k+1)<0[4(2k+1)]^2-4(4k)(4k+1)=16(3k+1)<0. Thus k<−1/3k<-1/3, which already implies k<0k<0. At k=−1/3k=-1/3 the graph touches zero, so the endpoint is excluded.

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Common mistakes

Strict negativity excludes a repeated root: touching zero is not enough.

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