Porisma

Worked solution

Keep all ten seats when people are absent

A group of 10 people consists of 3 married couples and 4 single men.

(a) A committee of 4 is to be formed from the 10 people.

(i) How many different committees can be formed?

(ii) How many different committees can be formed if the committee can consist of at most 1 married couple?

(iii) How many different committees can be formed if the committee consists of at least one man and at least one woman?

(b) The group sits at a round table with 10 seats.

(i) If each man sits next to his wife, how many ways can they be seated?

(ii) If one particular man is absent and the rest are allowed to sit without any restrictions, how many ways can they be seated?

(iii) If a particular couple is absent and the rest are allowed to sit without any restrictions, how many ways can they be seated?

[2009/CJC/II/8(modified)]

CJC · Discussion · Question 12

Answer

(a)(i) 210, (ii) 207, (iii) 175; (b)(i) 5760, (ii) 362880, (iii) 181440.

(a)(i) Choose a committee

Order is irrelevant: (104)=210\binom{10}4=210.

How did this part go?

(a)(ii) Exclude two complete couples

A four-person committee contains at most two complete couples. The forbidden committees are exactly two of the three couples: (32)=3\binom32=3. Thus 210−3=207210-3=207. Selecting one member from each of different couples does not create a complete couple.

How did this part go?

(a)(iii) Exclude the all-men case

The printed solution uses 7 men and 3 women. All-women committees of size 4 are impossible. The only forbidden case is four men, (74)=35\binom74=35, giving 210−35=175210-35=175.

How did this part go?

(b)(i) Group each married couple

Treat each couple as one block, alongside the 4 single men:7 distinguishable circular objects. Use one single man as the reference. Each couple has 2!2! internal orders, so (7−1)! (2!)3=5760(7-1)!\,(2!)^3=5760.

How did this part go?

(b)(ii) Include one empty seat as an object

There are still 10 seats, now containing 9 distinct people and one empty position. Use that unique vacancy as the circular reference: (10−1)!=9!=362880(10-1)!=9!=362880. The identity of the absent man is fixed, so no factor for choosing him is needed.

How did this part go?

(b)(iii) Include two indistinguishable empty seats

With a particular couple absent, arrange 8 distinct people and 2 indistinguishable empty positions around the 10-seat circle. Fix a remaining single man as reference, then divide by 2!2! for the vacancies: (10−1)!/2!=181440(10-1)!/2!=181440. The source treats rotations as equivalent because the seats are not numbered, unlike Q8(ii).

How did this part go?

Common mistakes

Do not shrink the circle to nine or eight seats when people are absent. No numbered-seat multiplier is used here.

Solution notes

All printed asks, working, counting factors and source annotations visually compared and retained. No marks are printed for this question.

Read the hint