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Worked solution

A graphical inequality and exponential substitution

Solve ∣x2+3∣>3−x2\left|\dfrac{x}{2}+3\right|>3-x^2. Hence, solve ∣ex2−3∣>3−e2x\left|\dfrac{e^x}{2}-3\right|>3-e^{2x}.

[2007/NJC/I/2]

CJC · Discussion · Question 3

Answer

x<−1/2x<-1/2 or x>0x>0; hence x>ln⁡(1/2)x>\ln(1/2).

One-graph method

Sketch y=∣x/2+3∣−(3−x2)y=|x/2+3|-(3-x^2). The graph meets the horizontal axis at −1/2-1/2 and 00, lies below it between these points and above it outside. Thus x<−1/2x<-1/2 or x>0x>0.

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Two-graph method

Sketch y=∣x/2+3∣y=|x/2+3| and y=3−x2y=3-x^2. The absolute-value graph has vertex (−6,0)(-6,0) and passes through (0,3)(0,3). The parabola has vertex (0,3)(0,3) and horizontal intercepts ±3\pm\sqrt3. Their intersections have inputs −1/2-1/2 and 00. The absolute-value graph lies above the parabola for x<−1/2x<-1/2 or x>0x>0.

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Hence

Replace the original input with −ex-e^x. Since ∣−ex/2+3∣=∣ex/2−3∣|-e^x/2+3|=|e^x/2-3| and (−ex)2=e2x(-e^x)^2=e^{2x}, obtain −ex>0-e^x>0 or −ex<−1/2-e^x<-1/2. Reject the first because −ex<0-e^x<0 for every real xx. The second gives ex>1/2e^x>1/2, hence x>ln⁡(1/2)x>\ln(1/2).

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Compare your sketch

Expand diagram

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The graph of |x/2+3|−(3−x²) crosses the axis at −1/2 and 0 and is positive outside these roots. Separately, the V-shaped graph |x/2+3| has vertex (−6,0), while the parabola 3−x² has vertex (0,3) and roots ±√3. They intersect at (−1/2,11/4) and (0,3); the V is above the parabola outside the intersection inputs.
The graph of |x/2+3|−(3−x²) crosses the axis at −1/2 and 0 and is positive outside these roots. Separately, the V-shaped graph |x/2+3| has vertex (−6,0), while the parabola 3−x² has vertex (0,3) and roots ±√3. They intersect at (−1/2,11/4) and (0,3); the V is above the parabola outside the intersection inputs.
The graph of |x/2+3|−(3−x²) crosses the axis at −1/2 and 0 and is positive outside these roots. Separately, the V-shaped graph |x/2+3| has vertex (−6,0), while the parabola 3−x² has vertex (0,3) and roots ±√3. They intersect at (−1/2,11/4) and (0,3); the V is above the parabola outside the intersection inputs.

Common mistakes

The substitution is −eˣ, not eˣ. Strict inequalities exclude the intersection inputs.

Solution notes

The solution diagrams are independently drawn from the printed mathematical relationships. Geometry is illustrative; use the labelled critical values and endpoint symbols.

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