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From four rectangles to an exact area

The diagram shows y=x2y=x^2 between x=0x=0 and x=1x=1, with four rectangles of equal width.

(i) Show that their total area is 143∑r=14r2\frac1{4^3}\sum_{r=1}^4r^2.

(ii) If nn rectangles are used instead, deduce an expression for their total area.

(iii) Show that lim⁡n→∞1n3∑r=1nr2=13\lim_{n\to\infty}\frac1{n^3}\sum_{r=1}^nr^2=\frac13. What does this limit represent?

(iv) Give a reason why 1n3∑r=1nr2>13\frac1{n^3}\sum_{r=1}^nr^2>\frac13. You may use ∑r=1nr2=n6(n+1)(2n+1)\sum_{r=1}^nr^2=\frac n6(n+1)(2n+1) without proof.

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Four equal-width right-endpoint rectangles above the increasing curve y=x squared on [0,1].
Four equal-width right-endpoint rectangles above the increasing curve y=x squared on [0,1].
Four equal-width right-endpoint rectangles above the increasing curve y=x squared on [0,1].

CJC · Lecture · Example 1

Identify the right endpoints before choosing heights. Factor out the common width and squared denominator to use sigma notation.

For the limit, divide the quadratic numerator and denominator by the highest power, n squared.

Read the worked solution