Worked solution
Find tangent and normal equations with a scale parameter
For , , where a is constant and , (i) find the normal at ; (ii) find the tangent at .
CJC · Lecture · Example 9
Differentiate before cancelling the scale
, . For , . The printed question does not explicitly exclude ; then the curve collapses to the origin and has no uniquely defined tangent or normal. The following requested lines use the intended nondegenerate case .
How did this part go?
(i) Use the negative reciprocal at t=2
The point is and tangent gradient is , so the normal gradient is . Thus , simplifying to .
How did this part go?
(ii) Identify the parameter from both coordinates
For and , , hence , which gives . The gradient is . Thus , or .
How did this part go?
Common mistakes
Cancelling a assumes it is nonzero; the a=0 case is a degenerate point, not a regular curve.