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Worked solution

Trace a moving midpoint locus from tangent intercepts

For x=t2x=t^2, y=2/ty=2/t:

(i) Find and simplify the tangent equation at (p2,2/p)(p^2,2/p).

(ii) Hence find Q and R where that tangent meets the x- and y-axes, respectively.

(iii) Find a Cartesian equation for the locus of the midpoint of QR as p varies.

[2011/9740/I/3]

CJC · Lecture · Example 10

(i) Evaluate the parameter gradient

dx/dt=2tdx/dt=2t, dy/dt=−2/t2dy/dt=-2/t^2, so dy/dx=−1/t3dy/dx=-1/t^3. At the given point t=p≠0t=p\ne0. The tangent is y−2/p=−(x−p2)/p3y-2/p=-(x-p^2)/p^3, or y=−x/p3+3/py=-x/p^3+3/p.

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(ii) Obtain both axis intercepts

At y=0y=0, x=3p2x=3p^2, so Q=(3p2,0)Q=(3p^2,0). At x=0x=0, y=3/py=3/p, so R=(0,3/p)R=(0,3/p).

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(iii) Eliminate p from the midpoint coordinates

The midpoint is (3p2/2,3/(2p))(3p^2/2,3/(2p)). A locus is the set of all positions this midpoint occupies as the admissible p changes; it is not one fixed midpoint. Let its coordinates be x,y: x=3p2/2x=3p^2/2, y=3/(2p)y=3/(2p). Therefore p=3/(2y)p=3/(2y) and x=27/(8y2)x=27/(8y^2), equivalently y2=27/(8x)y^2=27/(8x) with x>0x>0, y≠0y\ne0. The teacher explicitly asks the lecturer to elaborate the meaning of “locus”; that interpretation is integrated here.

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Common mistakes

The parameter cannot be zero, so the midpoint locus excludes both coordinate axes.

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