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Worked solution

Convert a line through two points without dividing by zero

Find a vector equation and a Cartesian equation of the line passing through (3,−4,7)(3,-4,7) and (5,−4,6)(5,-4,6).

CJC · Lecture · Example 20

Subtract the points to find a direction

m=(5,−4,6)−(3,−4,7)=(2,0,−1)\mathbf m=(5,-4,6)-(3,-4,7)=(2,0,-1). A vector equation is r=(3,−4,7)+λ(2,0,−1)\mathbf r=(3,-4,7)+\lambda(2,0,-1), λ∈R\lambda\in\mathbb R.

How did this part go?

Read all three parametric equations

Equating components gives (x,y,z)=(3+2λ,−4,7−λ)(x,y,z)=(3+2\lambda,-4,7-\lambda), so x=3+2λx=3+2\lambda, y=−4 and z=7−λz=7-\lambda.

How did this part go?

Eliminate the parameter where its coefficient is nonzero

From the x-coordinate, λ=(x−3)/2\lambda=(x-3)/2; from z, λ=7−z\lambda=7-z. Thus (x−3)/2=7−z(x-3)/2=7-z, together with y=−4. The zero direction component fixes y: it must not appear as a division by 0. More generally, if m₃=0 while m₁,m₂ are nonzero, write (x−a1)/m1=(y−a2)/m2(x-a_1)/m_1=(y-a_2)/m_2 and z=a₃.

How did this part go?

Common mistakes

A zero direction component gives a constant coordinate; a fraction with denominator 0 is not a Cartesian line equation.

Read the hint