Porisma

Worked solution

Find the acute angle from line directions

Find the acute angle between l1:r=(4,3,1)+λ(1,2,1)l_1:\mathbf r=(4,3,1)+\lambda(1,2,1) and l2:r=(−1,0,−1)+μ(3,2,6)l_2:\mathbf r=(-1,0,-1)+\mu(3,2,6), with λ,μ real.

CJC · Lecture · Example 26

Apply the dot-product formula to the directions

Let θ be the angle between (1,2,1)(1,2,1) and (3,2,6)(3,2,6). The dot-product equation is (1,2,1)⋅(3,2,6)=∣(1,2,1)∣∣(3,2,6)∣cos⁡θ(1,2,1)\cdot(3,2,6)=|(1,2,1)||(3,2,6)|\cos\theta. Their dot product is 3+4+6=133+4+6=13 and their magnitudes are 6\sqrt6 and 7, so 13=76cos⁡θ13=7\sqrt6\cos\theta.

How did this part go?

Take the inverse cosine and identify the acute angle

θ=cos⁡−1(13/(76))=40.69639…∘\theta=\cos^{-1}(13/(7\sqrt6))=40.69639\ldots^\circ. This is already acute, so the angle between the lines is 40.7∘40.7^\circ to 1 decimal place, or 0.710 rad to 3 significant figures.

How did this part go?

Common mistakes

Use direction vectors, not position vectors of points on the lines. If the direction angle is obtuse, take its supplement; the smaller line angle uses an absolute dot product.

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