Worked solution
Find absent output levels from a quadratic discriminant
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(i) Without a calculator, find the range of y for which no points lie on C. marks
(ii) Sketch C with turning points, axial intercepts and asymptotes. marks
[2013/SRJC/MidYear/9(a)(modified)]
CJC · Review problems · Question 3
Answer
Missing outputs −24<y<0; asymptotes x=1,y=−9 x−3; turns (1/3,0),(5/3,−24); y-intercept (0,1).
(i) Intersect with a horizontal line
Write y=k. No intersection means has no real root. Thus , or . The discriminant condition is , giving , hence k(k+24)<0 and −24<k<0. Therefore the missing output interval is −24<y<0.
(ii) Divide completely
Subtract from the numerator to leave −3 x−1. Subtract to leave −4. Thus , with asymptotes x=1 and y=−9 x−3.
(ii) Label intercepts and boundary turns
The y-intercept is (0,1). The numerator is−(3 x−1)², so the x-intercept is (1/3,0), a local minimum; the source labels it(0.333,0). The other turn is a local maximum (5/3,−24), source rounding(1.67,−24). These follow from . Both boundary output values are attained.
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Common mistakes
The output interval is open because both endpoints occur on the curve.
Solution notes
The rounded source turns are given exactly as 1/3 and 5/3 in the working.
The excluded input x=1 does not create an extra solution when forming the quadratic.