Porisma

Worked solution

Find a rational range and solve by adding a cosine sketch

C:y=(x2+2x+3)/(x+1)C:y=(x^2+2x+3)/(x+1).

(i) Find exactly the values of y for which C does not lie. marks

(ii) Sketch C with axial intercept, asymptotes and stationary points. marks

(iii) Add a sketch on−π≤x≤πto solve 3(x+1)cos⁡x−1=x2+2x+23(x+1)\cos x-1=x^2+2x+2. marks

[2013/MI/I/6]

CJC · Review problems · Question 5

Answer

Missing outputs −22<y<22-2\sqrt2<y<2\sqrt2; turns (−1±2,±22)(-1\pm\sqrt2,\pm2\sqrt2); cosine solutions x=0 and x≈0.335 (3 s.f.).

(i) Form and analyse the horizontal-level quadratic

y(x+1)=x2+2x+3y(x+1)=x^2+2x+3 gives x2+(2−y)x+(3−y)=0x^2+(2-y)x+(3-y)=0. No roots requires (2−y)2−4(3−y)<0(2-y)^2-4(3-y)<0. Thus 4−4y+y2−12+4y<04-4y+y^2-12+4y<0, or y2−8<0y^2-8<0, hence (y−22)(y+22)<0(y-2\sqrt2)(y+2\sqrt2)<0. Therefore the missing interval is −22<y<22-2\sqrt2<y<2\sqrt2.

How did this part go?

(ii) Divide and label both branches

y=x+1+2/(x+1)y=x+1+2/(x+1), so asymptotes are x=−1,y=x+1. The only axial intercept is (0,3), since the numerator (x+1)²+2 has no real zero. The turns are (−1−2,−22)(-1-\sqrt2,-2\sqrt2), maximum≈(−2.41,−2.83), and (−1+2,22)(-1+\sqrt2,2\sqrt2), minimum≈(0.414,2.83). All source rounded coordinates are retained.

How did this part go?

(iii) Rearrange into the given curve

3(x+1)cos⁡x−1=x2+2x+23(x+1)\cos x-1=x^2+2x+2 gives 3cos⁡x=(x2+2x+3)/(x+1)3\cos x=(x^2+2x+3)/(x+1). x=−1 is not a solution of the original equation, so division does not lose a root.

How did this part go?

(iii) Read the two intersections in the specified interval

Add y=3 cosx on−π≤x≤π. The source concludes x=0 or x≈0.335 to 3 significant figures. Both are retained. The left branches approach closely near x=−3 but do not cross; the supplementary zoom keeps that near approach from being mistaken for an additional solution.

How did this part go?

Compare your sketch

Expand diagram

Use the scrollbars or arrow keys to inspect details.

Two source panels show the full rational graph and its comparison with 3cosx on[−π,π]. All original labels and both solutions are retained. A third explicitly supplementary panel enlarges the close left-side approach so it is not mistaken for an intersection.
Two source panels show the full rational graph and its comparison with 3cosx on[−π,π]. All original labels and both solutions are retained. A third explicitly supplementary panel enlarges the close left-side approach so it is not mistaken for an intersection.
Two source panels show the full rational graph and its comparison with 3cosx on[−π,π]. All original labels and both solutions are retained. A third explicitly supplementary panel enlarges the close left-side approach so it is not mistaken for an intersection.

Common mistakes

The graph comparison is restricted to−π≤x≤π; a close approach is not necessarily an intersection.

Solution notes

Both source solutions and the exact missing-output interval are retained.

The enlarged left-side view is a supplementary explanation, not an additional source panel.

Read the hint