Porisma

Worked solution

Check a cancellation exception before claiming a strict parameter range

· Techniques of Differentiation

G:y=(2x2+kx−1)/(x+1)G:y=(2x^2+kx-1)/(x+1), where k is constant.

(i) Given no stationary point, show that k>1. marks

(ii) Given y=2 x+1 is an asymptote, show k=3 and sketch G. marks

[2015/VJC/MYE/8(part)]

CJC · Review problems · Question 6

Answer

(i)Literal condition k≥1; source intended non-cancellation target k>1. (ii)k=3; full graph shown.

(i) Differentiate and correct the intermediate sign

y′=[(4x+k)(x+1)−(2x2+kx−1)]/(x+1)2=[4x2+(k+4)x+k−2x2−kx+1]/(x+1)2=(2x2+4x+1+k)/(x+1)2=[2(x+1)2−1+k]/(x+1)2y'=[(4x+k)(x+1)-(2x^2+kx-1)]/(x+1)^2=[4x^2+(k+4)x+k-2x^2-kx+1]/(x+1)^2=(2x^2+4x+1+k)/(x+1)^2=[2(x+1)^2-1+k]/(x+1)^2. The source prints 1−kin one intermediate numerator; its subsequent completed-square form and discriminant use the correct 1+k.

How did this part go?

(i) Reproduce the intended nondegenerate argument

The source sets 2x2+4x+1+k=02x^2+4x+1+k=0 and excludes real roots by requiring 42−4(2)(1+k)<04^2-4(2)(1+k)<0. Thus 1+k>2 and k>1. This correctly gives the range with no real numerator roots.

How did this part go?

(i) Explain why the printed implication needs qualification

At k=1, the numerator factors as(2 x−1)(x+1), so G is y=2 x−1 with x=−1 removed. Its derivative is 2 everywhere in its domain, hence it also has no stationary point. For k<1 there are two admissible derivative zeros. Thus the literal no-stationary-point condition is k≥1; the printed target k>1 is valid only if the cancellation case is excluded. The prompt does not explicitly exclude it.

How did this part go?

(ii) Compare coefficients with the given asymptote

The source writes y=2x+1+r/(x+1)=[2x2+3x+1+r]/(x+1)y=2x+1+r/(x+1)=[2x^2+3x+1+r]/(x+1), calling the remainder r by the auxiliary letter a. Compare with the original numerator: k=3 and 1+r=−1, so r=−2. Hence y=2x+1−2/(x+1)y=2x+1-2/(x+1).

How did this part go?

(ii) Label the complete graph

Asymptotes are x=−1 and y=2 x+1. Intercepts are ((−3±17)/4,0)((-3\pm\sqrt{17})/4,0), approximately (−1.78,0),(0.281,0), and (0,−1). The derivative is 2+2/(x+1)2>02+2/(x+1)^2>0, so no stationary points occur.

How did this part go?

Compare your sketch

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All source graph labels are retained: x-intercepts approximately −1.78 and 0.281, y-intercept −1, vertical asymptote x=−1 and oblique asymptote y=2x+1. Both branches increase.
All source graph labels are retained: x-intercepts approximately −1.78 and 0.281, y-intercept −1, vertical asymptote x=−1 and oblique asymptote y=2x+1. Both branches increase.
All source graph labels are retained: x-intercepts approximately −1.78 and 0.281, y-intercept −1, vertical asymptote x=−1 and oblique asymptote y=2x+1. Both branches increase.

Common mistakes

Do not silently discard k=1: it gives a valid line with a hole and no stationary points.

Solution notes

The source 1−kintermediate sign is corrected to 1+k.

The printed k>1 target omits the valid cancellation case k=1; the literal condition is k≥1.

Read the hint