Porisma

Worked solution

Use completing the square before drawing a rational graph

C:y=f(x)C:y=f(x) where f(x)=(4x2+bx+c)/(4x+8)f(x)=(4x^2+bx+c)/(4x+8) and b,c are real constants. C has oblique asymptote y=x−5.

(i) Find b. marks

(ii) Given c>9, show C does not cut the x-axis. mark

(iii) For c=13 sketch C, clearly indicating asymptotes, axial intercepts and turning points. marks

[2012/SRJC/Promo/8]

CJC · Review problems · Question 8

Answer

b=−12; no x-intercept for c>9; the c=13 graph has the labelled asymptotes and turns.

(i) Divide and compare the constant term

f(x)=x+(b−8)/4+[c−2(b−8)]/[4(x+2)]f(x)=x+(b-8)/4+[c-2(b-8)]/[4(x+2)]. The oblique asymptote is y=x+(b−8)/4y=x+(b-8)/4. Hence x−5=x+(b−8)/4x-5=x+(b-8)/4, so b=−12.

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(ii) Complete the square in the numerator

For c>9, 4x2−12x+c=4(x2−3x)+c=4[(x−3/2)2−9/4]+c=4(x−3/2)2−9+c>04x^2-12x+c=4(x^2-3x)+c=4[(x-3/2)^2-9/4]+c=4(x-3/2)^2-9+c>0 for every real x. Therefore the numerator never vanishes and C does not cut the x-axis; x=−2 is excluded from its domain.

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(iii) Label the two branches for c=13

f(x)=x−5+53/[4(x+2)]f(x)=x-5+53/[4(x+2)]. Asymptotes: x=−2 and y=x−5. The y-intercept is (0,13/8). Stationary points are (−2−53/2,−7−53)(-2-\sqrt{53}/2,-7-\sqrt{53}), a maximum≈(−5.64,−14.3), and (−2+53/2,−7+53)(-2+\sqrt{53}/2,-7+\sqrt{53}), a minimum≈(1.64,0.280). These retain the source rounded labels. The source also marks (5,0) and (0,−5) on the oblique asymptote: these belong to the line, not the curve.

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Compare your sketch

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Both branches retain source stationary coordinates, y-intercept 13/8 and asymptotes. Cross markers D=(5,0) and E=(0,−5) identify oblique-line intercepts only, not holes or intercepts of the rational curve.
Both branches retain source stationary coordinates, y-intercept 13/8 and asymptotes. Cross markers D=(5,0) and E=(0,−5) identify oblique-line intercepts only, not holes or intercepts of the rational curve.
Both branches retain source stationary coordinates, y-intercept 13/8 and asymptotes. Cross markers D=(5,0) and E=(0,−5) identify oblique-line intercepts only, not holes or intercepts of the rational curve.

Common mistakes

Do not mistake the dashed asymptote’s x-intercept for an intercept of C.

Solution notes

The labelled (5,0) and (0,−5) belong to the oblique asymptote.

Read the hint