Porisma

Worked solution

Recover the curve from its range and count line intersections

C:y=(−2x2−2x+a)/(x+1)C:y=(-2x^2-2x+a)/(x+1), where a is a non-zero constant. C exists for y≤−2 or y≥b, where b is positive.

(i) Using an analytical method, show a=−2 and hence find b. marks

(ii) Sketch C, clearly showing turning-point coordinates and asymptotes. marks

(iii) Show(−3,6) lies on y=px+3 p+6 for every real p. Hence use the sketch in(ii) to find p for which px+3p+6=(−2x2−2x−2)/(x+1)px+3p+6=(-2x^2-2x-2)/(x+1) has two distinct real roots. marks

[2015/SRJC/MYE/9]

CJC · Review problems · Question 9

Answer

a=−2, b=6; the line family meets C twice exactly for p>0 or p<−2.

(i) Express the range condition through a discriminant

−2x2−2x+a=xy+y-2x^2-2x+a=xy+y gives 2x2+xy+2x+y−a=02x^2+xy+2x+y-a=0. At least one real x requires (y+2)2−4(2)(y−a)≥0(y+2)^2-4(2)(y-a)\ge0, hence y2−4y+4+8a≥0y^2-4y+4+8a\ge0. Since a≠0, x=−1 does not satisfy the rearranged equation, so this criterion respects the domain.

How did this part go?

(i) Compare coefficients with the given boundary levels

The supplied range y≤−2 or y≥b is equivalent to [y−(−2)](y−b)≥0[y-(-2)](y-b)\ge0. Expanding gives y2+(2−b)y−2b≥0y^2+(2-b)y-2b\ge0. Comparing with y2−4y+4+8ay^2-4y+4+8a yields −4=2−b and 4+8 a=−2 b. Thus b=6 and a=(−4−2b)/8=−2a=(-4-2b)/8=-2.

How did this part go?

(ii) Divide and mark all graph features

For a=−2, divide −2 x²−2 x−2 by x+1. The quotient is −2 x; subtracting −2 x(x+1)=−2 x²−2 x leaves remainder −2. Thus y=−2x−2/(x+1)y=-2x-2/(x+1). The asymptotes are x=−1 and y=−2 x. Stationary points are (−2,6), a minimum, and (0,−2), a maximum also giving the y-intercept. The numerator −2(x²+x+1) has no real zero, so there is no x-intercept.

How did this part go?

(iii) Locate the common point and read two intersections

At x=−3, y=p(−3)+3p+6=−3p+3p+6=6y=p(-3)+3p+6=-3p+3p+6=6. Thus every line y=px+3 p+6 passes through (−3,6). As in the source sketch argument, two distinct intersections with C occur precisely when p>0 or p<−2.

How did this part go?

(iii) Check the boundary slopes algebraically

As a supplementary check, multiplication by x+1 gives (p+2)x2+(4p+8)x+3p+8=0(p+2)x^2+(4p+8)x+3p+8=0. Its discriminant is 4p(p+2)4p(p+2), positive exactly for p>0 or p<−2. p=−2 reduces to the impossible equation 2=0; p=0 gives the double intersection x=−2. Substituting x=−1 gives 2, so no counted root is an excluded input.

How did this part go?

Compare your sketch

Expand diagram

Use the scrollbars or arrow keys to inspect details.

Both source branches are retained, with exact stationary coordinates (−2,6) and (0,−2), vertical asymptote x=−1 and oblique asymptote y=−2x.
Both source branches are retained, with exact stationary coordinates (−2,6) and (0,−2), vertical asymptote x=−1 and oblique asymptote y=−2x.
Both source branches are retained, with exact stationary coordinates (−2,6) and (0,−2), vertical asymptote x=−1 and oblique asymptote y=−2x.

Common mistakes

Check p=−2 separately: the quadratic loses its leading term at that boundary.

Solution notes

The algebraic intersection check supplements the source’s sketch argument.

Read the hint