Porisma

Worked solution

Split an absolute integral at the sign change

The curve CC is y=xcos⁡2xy=x\cos2x, 0≤x≤π0\le x\le\pi.

(i) Find its exact x-axis intercepts. marks

(ii) Sketch CC, stating all x- and y-axis intercept coordinates. marks

(iii) Find the exact value of ∫π/4π∣xcos⁡2x∣ dx\int_{\pi/4}^\pi|x\cos2x|\,dx. marks

(iv) Find the volume when the region bounded by CC, the x-axis and x=πx=\pi rotates completely about the x-axis. marks

[2014/IJC/I/11]

CJC · Review problems · Question 10

Answer

Intercepts 0,π/4,3π/40,\pi/4,3\pi/4; absolute integral 7π/8+1/47\pi/8+1/4; volume 10.510.5 cubic units (3 s.f.).

(i) and (ii) Locate all intercepts and the final region

xcos⁡2x=0x\cos2x=0 gives x=0,π/4,3π/4x=0,\pi/4,3\pi/4. The intercept points are (0,0)(0,0), (π/4,0)(\pi/4,0) and (3π/4,0)(3\pi/4,0), with the origin also the y-intercept. The curve is positive on (0,π/4)(0,\pi/4), negative on (π/4,3π/4)(\pi/4,3\pi/4) and positive on (3π/4,π](3\pi/4,\pi], ending at (π,π)(\pi,\pi). The origin is an included domain endpoint, rather than a two-sided crossing.

How did this part go?

(iii) Integrate the signed function by parts, then split the modulus

An antiderivative is F(x)=12xsin⁡2x+14cos⁡2xF(x)=\tfrac12x\sin2x+\tfrac14\cos2x. Hence ∫π/4π∣xcos⁡2x∣dx=−[F]π/43π/4+[F]3π/4π=π/2+(1/4+3π/8)=7π/8+1/4\int_{\pi/4}^{\pi}|x\cos2x|dx=-[F]_{\pi/4}^{3\pi/4}+[F]_{3\pi/4}^{\pi}=\pi/2+(1/4+3\pi/8)=7\pi/8+1/4. The modulus bars in the rendered question are essential; the native extraction drops them.

How did this part go?

(iv) Rotate only the final positive lobe

The stated region adjacent to x=πx=\pi starts at x=3π/4x=3\pi/4. Thus V=π∫3π/4π(xcos⁡2x)2dx≈10.46525977=10.5V=\pi\int_{3\pi/4}^{\pi}(x\cos2x)^2dx\approx10.46525977=10.5 cubic units (3 s.f.). The negative lobe from (iii) is not part of this region.

How did this part go?

Compare your sketch

Expand diagram

Use the scrollbars or arrow keys to inspect details.

Curve y=x cos(2x) on [0, pi] crosses at pi/4 and 3pi/4, starts at the origin and ends at (pi, pi). The last positive lobe between 3pi/4 and pi is shaded for the rotation volume.
Curve y=x cos(2x) on [0, pi] crosses at pi/4 and 3pi/4, starts at the origin and ends at (pi, pi). The last positive lobe between 3pi/4 and pi is shaded for the rotation volume.
Curve y=x cos(2x) on [0, pi] crosses at pi/4 and 3pi/4, starts at the origin and ends at (pi, pi). The last positive lobe between 3pi/4 and pi is shaded for the rotation volume.

Common mistakes

The absolute integral includes two lobes, while the volume region bounded by x=pi uses only the last positive lobe.

Read the hint