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Worked solution

Identify the parabola touched by every line in a family

The line y=mx+3/my=mx+3/m is tangent to the parabola y2=kxy^2=kx for every m≠0m\ne0. Find kk and the coordinates of contact in terms of mm. marks

[2014/VJC/I/1]

CJC · Review problems · Question 7

Answer

k=12k=12; contact point (3/m2,6/m)(3/m^2,6/m) for m≠0m\ne0.

Method 1: equate the differential gradient to m

Differentiation gives 2yy′=k2yy^{\prime}=k, so at contact y′=m=k/(2y)y^{\prime}=m=k/(2y) and y=k/(2m)y=k/(2m). For the nondegenerate parabola k≠0k\ne0, its equation gives x=k/(4m2)x=k/(4m^2). Substitute into the tangent: k/(2m)=k/(4m)+3/mk/(2m)=k/(4m)+3/m, hence k=12k=12. The contact point is (3/m2,6/m)(3/m^2,6/m).

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Method 2: require a repeated intersection root

Substitution yields (mx+3/m)2=kx(mx+3/m)^2=kx, or m2x2+(6−k)x+9/m2=0m^2x^2+(6-k)x+9/m^2=0. Tangency requires (6−k)2−36=0(6-k)^2-36=0, giving k=0k=0 or 1212. Reject k=0k=0: y2=0y^2=0 is a degenerate line, not the stated parabola. With k=12k=12, the quadratic is (mx−3/m)2=0(mx-3/m)^2=0, so x=3/m2x=3/m^2 and y=6/my=6/m, as before.

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Common mistakes

The discriminant also gives k=0, which is excluded by the nondegenerate-parabola condition.

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