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Worked solution

Eliminate a positive parameter and retain closed endpoints

The curve CC is defined by x=t2x=t^2, y=ln⁡ty=\ln t, t>0t>0.

(i) Sketch CC for 2≤x≤52\le x\le5, indicating the coordinates of the endpoints. marks

(ii) Find the cartesian equation of CC. marks

[2009/ACJC/II/3(modified)]

CJC · Review problems · Question 2

Answer

y=12ln⁡xy=\tfrac12\ln x, x>0x>0; requested closed segment has endpoints (2,12ln⁡2)(2,\tfrac12\ln2) and (5,12ln⁡5)(5,\tfrac12\ln5).

(i) Locate and include the endpoints

The requested segment of y=12ln⁡xy=\tfrac12\ln x increases and is concave down from (2,12ln⁡2)(2,\tfrac12\ln2) to (5,12ln⁡5)(5,\tfrac12\ln5). Both endpoints are included. Its parameter interval is 2≤t≤5\sqrt2\le t\le\sqrt5.

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(ii) Method 1: exponentiate the logarithm

y=ln⁡ty=\ln t gives t=eyt=e^y. Then x=(ey)2=e2yx=(e^y)^2=e^{2y}, so 2y=ln⁡x2y=\ln x and y=12ln⁡xy=\tfrac12\ln x, x>0x>0 for the full curve.

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(ii) Method 2: select the positive square root

Since t>0t>0, x=t2x=t^2 gives t=xt=\sqrt x, not a choice of either sign. Thus y=ln⁡x=12ln⁡xy=\ln\sqrt x=\tfrac12\ln x, x>0x>0. The sketch in (i) uses only 2≤x≤52\le x\le5.

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Compare your sketch

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Increasing concave-down logarithmic segment from the filled endpoint (2, one half ln 2) to the filled endpoint (5, one half ln 5).
Increasing concave-down logarithmic segment from the filled endpoint (2, one half ln 2) to the filled endpoint (5, one half ln 5).
Increasing concave-down logarithmic segment from the filled endpoint (2, one half ln 2) to the filled endpoint (5, one half ln 5).

Common mistakes

The full Cartesian curve has x positive; the requested sketch has the narrower interval from 2 to 5.

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