Porisma

Worked solution

Solve for a parameter and enforce probability bounds

Events A and B are such that P(A)=k+16P(A)=k+\frac16, P(B)=k+112P(B)=k+\frac1{12} and P(A∪B)=12P(A\cup B)=\frac12.

Given A and B are independent, find the value of k. marks

[2014/PJC/II/6]

CJC · Review problems · Question 1

Answer

k=1/6k=1/6.

Apply independence to the union identity

12=k+16+k+112−(k+16)(k+112).\begin{aligned}&\frac12\\ & =k+\frac16+k+\frac1{12}\\ &{}-\left(k+\frac16\right)\left(k+\frac1{12}\right).\end{aligned}

Expanding gives k2−74k+1972=0k^2-\frac74k+\frac{19}{72}=0, or 72k2−126k+19=072k^2-126k+19=0.

How did this part go?

Factor the quadratic

(12k−19)(6k−1)=0(12k-19)(6k-1)=0, so k=19/12k=19/12 or 1/61/6.

How did this part go?

Reject the inadmissible root

From 0≤P(A)≤10\le P(A)\le1, −1/6≤k≤5/6-1/6\le k\le5/6. From 0≤P(B)≤10\le P(B)\le1, −1/12≤k≤11/12-1/12\le k\le11/12. Intersecting gives −1/12≤k≤5/6-1/12\le k\le5/6, which excludes 19/1219/12. Hence k=1/6k=1/6.

How did this part go?

Common mistakes

An algebraic root can make a probability exceed one.

Solution notes

All printed expansion/factorisation steps and both separate bounds retained.

Read the hint