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Worked solution

Distinguish a sequence of geometric sums from its own sum

The sequence begins 11, (1+2)(1+2), (1+2+22)(1+2+2^2), (1+2+22+23)(1+2+2^2+2^3), … .

(i) Show its n-th term is 2n−12^n-1. marks

(ii) Find the sum of its first n terms. marks

[2013/VJC/Promo/1]

CJC · Review problems · Question 11

Answer

un=2n−1u_n=2^n-1; Sn=2n+1−n−2S_n=2^{n+1}-n-2.

(i) Evaluate the geometric sum inside one term

un=1+2+⋯+2n−1=(2n−1)/(2−1)=2n−1u_n=1+2+\cdots+2^{n-1}=(2^n-1)/(2-1)=2^n-1.

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(ii) Sum the sequence terms, not the inner powers again

Sn=∑r=1n(2r−1)=2(2n−1)/(2−1)−n=2n+1−n−2S_n=\sum_{r=1}^n(2^r-1)=2(2^n-1)/(2-1)-n=2^{n+1}-n-2. The first few sequence terms are 1,3,7,151,3,7,15, whose partial sums are a different sequence.

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Common mistakes

Do not use the formula for one term as the sum of the first n terms.

Read the hint