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Graphing techniques

Check the graph and its symmetries · Diagrams · Complete reading

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Calculator mode and fraction entries

MODE: select FUNCTION with arrows and ENTER

  • MATHPRINT CLASSIC
  • NORMAL SCI ENG
  • FLOAT 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
  • RADIAN DEGREE
  • [FUNCTION] PARAMETRIC POLAR SEQ
  • THICK DOT-THICK THIN DOT-THIN
  • SEQUENTIAL SIMUL
  • REAL a+bi re^(θi)
  • FULL HORIZONTAL GRAPH-TABLE
  • FRACTION TYPE: n/d Un/d
  • ANSWERS: AUTO DEC FRAC-APPROX
  • GOTO 2ND FORMAT GRAPH: NO YES
  • STAT DIAGNOSTICS: OFF ON
  • STAT WIZARDS: ON OFF

The source highlights FUNCTION; its complete screen is in the evidence.

Fraction alternative: ALPHA → Y=

  • FRAC menu: 1:n/d 2:Un/d
  • 3: n/d ↔ Un/d 4: F ↔ D
  • Select 1:n/d; numerator 1, denominator X gives Y₁ = 1/X.
  • Use denominator X² for Y₁ = 1/X².

Teacher guidance: use TI-SmartView to introduce graphing settings.

Menu reconstruction retains source options; the date/clock is not a setting task.

MODE menu with FUNCTION, numeric/angle/format options and FRAC menu n/d, Un/d, conversions. Teacher recommends demonstrating settings with TI-SmartView.
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Basic curves: square, cube and square root

y = x²

Y₁ = X²

Y= → X,T,θ,n → x² → GRAPH

Explore an inputx = 1
y = 1

Domain: All real inputs.

Parabola; vertex (0, 0).

y = x³

Y₁ = X^3

Y= → X,T,θ,n → ^ → 3 → GRAPH

Explore an inputx = 1
y = 1

Domain: All real inputs.

Near (0,0): ZOOM → 2 → ENTER (Zoom In).

y = √x

Y₁ = √(X)

Y= → 2nd → x² → X,T,θ,n → GRAPH

Explore an inputx = 1
y = 1

Domain: x ≥ 0.

Real inputs x ≥ 0; the curve begins at the origin.

Input/result reconstructions; viewing windows chosen for clear mathematical shape.

Calculator entry sequences and reconstructed x squared, x cubed and square-root curves. Cubic zoom at the origin; square root has domain x nonnegative.
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Basic curves: reciprocals and cube root

y = 1/x

Y₁ = 1/X

Y= → 1 → ÷ → X,T,θ,n → GRAPH

Explore an inputx = 1
y = 1

Domain: x ≠ 0.

Two branches. Alternative entry: ALPHA → Y= (fraction template).

y = 1/x²

Y₁ = 1/X²

Y= → 1 → ÷ → X,T,θ,n → x² → GRAPH

Explore an inputx = 1
y = 1

Domain: x ≠ 0.

Both branches positive; the input 0 is excluded.

y = ∛x

Y₁ = ∛(X)

Y= → MATH → 4 → X,T,θ,n → GRAPH

Explore an inputx = 1
y = 1

Domain: All real inputs.

Real cube root: negative inputs give negative outputs.

Input/result reconstructions; viewing windows chosen for clear mathematical shape.

Calculator entry sequences for 1/x, 1/x squared and real cube root. Reciprocal branches split at zero; cube root includes negative inputs.
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Basic curves: exponential and logarithm

y = eˣ

Y₁ = e^(X)

Y= → 2nd → LN → X,T,θ,n → GRAPH

Explore an inputx = 0
y = 1

Domain: All real inputs.

Increasing; y-intercept 1 and left-end asymptote y = 0.

y = e⁻ˣ

Y₁ = e^(−X)

Y= → 2nd → LN → (−) → X,T,θ,n → GRAPH

Explore an inputx = 0
y = 1

Domain: All real inputs.

Use the negation key (−); decreasing, with y-intercept 1.

y = ln x

Y₁ = ln(X)

Y= → LN → X,T,θ,n → GRAPH

Explore an inputx = 1
y = 0

Domain: x > 0.

Real inputs x > 0; x-intercept 1; vertical asymptote x = 0.

Input/result reconstructions; viewing windows chosen for clear mathematical shape.

Calculator entries for increasing e to x, decreasing e to negative x, and logarithm with positive domain and vertical asymptote x=0.
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Read a logarithm beyond the sampled screen

Explore ln x

Change the view to see what coarse sampling misses.

Viewing window
Positive input x1
ln(1) = 0

Domain: x > 0. The curve passes through (1, 0).

Calculator notes

y = ln x: a finite sampled screen is not the whole curve

6:ZStandard: coarse positive-input samples in a −10..10 window

Analytical shape: x > 0, y → −∞ as x → 0⁺; zero at x = 1.

Use zoom options to reveal features, then justify them analytically.

Source ZOOM menu (visible rows):

  • 2:Zoom In 3:Zoom Out 4:ZDecimal
  • 5:ZSquare 6:ZStandard 7:ZTrig
  • 8:ZInteger 9:ZoomStat 0:ZoomFit

Cartesian diagrams show behaviour and relationships between variables.

Use conventions such as dotted asymptotes to identify the important features.

Sampling illustration, not an emulation of a specific calculator display.

Coarse logarithm samples compared with its analytical positive branch, plus source zoom-menu entries. Windows independently chosen; original calculator excerpts retained in review evidence.
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Reflection axes: five basic curves

Test reflection symmetry

Choose a curve and a mirror line, then move point P.

Curve
Mirror line
Point input x1.5
P = (1.5, 2.25)P′ = (-1.5, 2.25)The reflected point lies on the curve.

A matching point is not a proof of symmetry.

Why this works

The y-axis, x = 0, is a reflection axis.

A matching point alone does not prove reflection symmetry. Compare the whole curve; the overlay is clipped to the viewing window. Solid and dashed lines identify the original and reflected curves.

Five source rows: upward parabola y=x² symmetric in x=0; sideways parabola x=y² in y=0; absolute-value V in x=0; reciprocal branches in y=x and y=−x; cosine with amplitudes ±1 and displayed axis x=0. Full cosine also has axes x=kπ.
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Reflection axes: circle and cubic

Circle and cubic symmetry

Choose a curve and a mirror line, then move point P.

Curve
Mirror line
Line angle through origin0°
Point angle45°
P = (3.53553, 3.53553)P′ = (3.53553, -3.53553)The reflected point lies on the curve.

A matching point is not a proof of symmetry.

Why this works

Every straight line through the origin is a reflection axis. Equal axis scales keep this circle round.

A matching point alone does not prove reflection symmetry. Compare the whole curve; the overlay is clipped to the viewing window. Solid and dashed lines identify the original and reflected curves.

Circle x²+y²=25 with intercepts ±5 is symmetric in every line through the origin; horizontal and vertical examples shown. Cubic y=x³+x² has no reflection axis; intercept −1 and origin, with corrected exact maximum (−2/3,4/27). Printed −0.677 is explicitly recorded as a source slip.
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