Integrate twice and solve for the repeated integral

Find ∫e2xcos⁡3xdx\int e^{2x}\cos3x dx. marks

[2023/EJC/Prelim/I/5b]

Solution

Integral

Repeated integration by parts

Find ∫e2xcos⁡3x dx\int e^{2x}\cos3x\,dx.

Explore this idea

Hint

  1. Do integration by parts twice, always taking dvdx=e2x\frac{dv}{dx}=e^{2x}.

  2. The original integral reappears: collect it on the left.

Answer · Integral

e2x(2cos⁡3x+3sin⁡3x)/13+Ce^{2x}(2\cos3x+3\sin3x)/13+C.

The short key’s missing 1/13 is incorrect.

Explore the idea

An oscillation with growing amplitude

Drag x. The shading shows the selected interval; the lower curves compare the numerical signed integral with the change in the antiderivative.

Upper limit xx = 0.65
Reset the controls

How the shaded areas add up

The limits run left to right. Area above the axis adds; area below the axis subtracts.

Above-axis contribution
0.504
Below-axis contribution
-0.08
Signed integral
0.424

All three bars share one scale. Positive contributions extend right of zero; negative contributions extend left.

Signed integral from 0.00 to x
0.424
antiderivative − F(0)
0.424
agrees at displayed precision
Formula − integral
0
0.00% of the integral’s magnitude
Compare the running integral on a graph
  • Integrand
  • Numerical signed integral from the start to x
  • Part of the integrand above the axis
  • Part of the integrand below the axis
  • F(x) − F(start), from the antiderivative
Key idea

The two curves overlap exactly: the factor 113\frac1{13} is essential.

Ideas to try
Check the dashed curve against the solid curve: they agree only with the factor 113\frac1{13}.